CD25 (alpha-chain of the IL-2 receptor,
or IL2RA), is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein with a signal peptide,
an extracellular region, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic
domain. IL2RA is expressed on activated T cells and regulatory T cells
and is capable of binding IL2 with low affinity by itself. However, a
ligand-induced high-affinity heterotrimeric receptor complex is produced
when IL2RA is associated non-covalently with the IL2 receptor beta and
gamma chain, and subsequently initiates the intracellular signal
pathways such as MAPK or JAK/STAT. On dendritic cells (DC), CD25 has
been previously regarded as an activation marker, while both murine and
human DC can express CD25, they do not express the beta-chain of the
IL-2 receptor, which is indispensable for the execution of IL-2
signaling. The IL2RA (CD25) gene is a substantial component of the
high-affinity receptor molecule highly expressed by activated T
lymphocytes. Recently, a piece of strong evidence was obtained for the
involvement of IL-2RA in conferring susceptibility to type 1 diabetes
(T1D). Cancer growth and development are associated with the stimulation
of the innate immune system, including enhanced interleukin 2 receptor
(IL-2R) expression in immune cells and its shedding into the circulation
in a soluble form of SIL-2Ralpha. In most hematological malignancies,
including different types of leukemias and lymphomas, SIL-2Ralpha is
released directly from the surface of neoplastic cells thus reflecting
the tumor bulk, turnover, and activity. Several studies have proved that
not only lymphoid cancer cells but also some non-lymphoid cancer cells,
express IL-2R on their surface. They include malignant melanoma and
carcinomas of the kidney, head and neck, esophagus, and lung. Thus,
sIL-2Ralpha is elevated in most proliferative disturbances of the
hematopoietic system and many solid tumors.
全称
interleukin 2 receptor, alpha
研究领域
Neuroinflammation
Cancer Drug Targets
参考文献
Driesen J, et al. (2008) CD25 as an immune regulatory molecule expressed on myeloid dendritic cells. Immunobiology. 213(9-10): 849-58.
Olejniczak K, et al.
(2008) Biological properties of interleukin 2 and its role in
pathogenesis of selected diseases--a review. Med Sci Monit. 14(10):
RA179-89.
Chistiakov DA, et al. (2008) The crucial
role of IL-2/IL-2RA-mediated immune regulation in the pathogenesis of
type 1 diabetes, an evidence coming from genetic and animal model
studies. Immunol Lett. 118(1): 1-5.
Bien E, et al. (2008) Serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor alpha in human cancer of adults and children: a review. Biomarkers. 13(1): 1-26.
